GLP-1 Drugs' Weight Loss Effects Last Around 1½ Years: Review Finds

A comprehensive review of existing research has revealed that individuals who stop taking GLP-1 medications, such as Ozempic and Wegovy, for weight loss are likely to regain their lost pounds within approximately 1½ years. This finding highlights the importance of long-term adherence to medication regimens in achieving and maintaining significant weight loss.

What are GLP-1 Drugs?

GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) medications, including Ozempic (semaglutide) and Wegovy (semaglutide), are injectable treatments that mimic the body's natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1. They work by:

• Slowing gastric emptying: Reducing the rate at which food leaves the stomach, allowing for a feeling of fullness and reduced appetite.
• Suppressing appetite: Reducing hunger hormones, such as ghrelin, to decrease caloric intake.
• Increasing insulin sensitivity: Enhancing the body's ability to use insulin, a hormone regulating blood sugar levels.

Research Review

The review analyzed data from 18 studies involving over 1,700 individuals who received GLP-1 medications for weight loss. The results showed that:

• Weight loss maintenance was associated with long-term treatment: Participants who stopped taking GLP-1 medications experienced a significant regain of lost pounds within 1-2 years.
• Factors influencing weight loss maintenance were identified:
  • Treatment duration and intensity: Longer treatment periods and higher doses led to greater weight loss and maintenance.
  • Patient adherence and motivation: Individuals who remained committed to their treatment regimen and had a strong motivation for weight loss tend to maintain more significant weight loss over time.
  • Comorbidities and lifestyle factors: Presence of certain medical conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and lifestyle habits, like physical activity level, can impact weight loss maintenance.

Clinical Implications

These findings have important implications for healthcare providers and individuals seeking to use GLP-1 medications for weight loss:

• Emphasize the importance of long-term treatment: Healthcare providers should stress the need for patients to continue taking their medication as prescribed to maintain significant weight loss.
• Develop strategies for patient adherence and motivation: Clinicians can work with patients to create personalized plans, including regular check-ins, goal setting, and lifestyle counseling, to enhance treatment success.
• Consider individualized factors when prescribing GLP-1 medications: Healthcare providers should take into account each patient's unique characteristics, such as comorbidities and lifestyle habits, when determining the most effective treatment plan.

Conclusion

The review highlights the importance of long-term adherence to GLP-1 medication regimens in achieving and maintaining significant weight loss. By understanding the factors that influence weight loss maintenance and developing strategies to support patient adherence and motivation, healthcare providers can help individuals achieve their weight loss goals and improve overall health outcomes.